This 5-day seminar teaches Diagnostic Techniques
on Complex Machine Types (450-page section) and is intended for
analysts having 4 to 8 years or more of vibration experience.
Drawings and discussions are provided on what
makes each machine type unique and a section is included on the
problems particularly specific to each machine type.
Several case histories are provided for each machine
type. Machines currently covered include vertical centrifugal
pumps, centrifugal air compressors, rotary screw air compressors,
rotary blowers (roots-type blowers), piping vibration problems,
paper machines, turbine/generators, machine tools, multistage
gearboxes, DC motors, and AC induction motors.
In-depth Operating Deflection Shape Analysis using
computer-generated animated displays is reviewed, and a comparison
is made between Operating Deflection and true Experimental Modal
Analysis, pointing out the distinct difference and the value of
both techniques.
Demonstrations are provided on Acquisition of
Frequency Response Functions (FRF’s); Measurement and significance
of Coherence; and Recommended Modal Excitation Techniques.
Advanced Time Waveform Analysis applications
are reviewed, pointing out (1) the problems detectable by time
waveform analysis, but likely missed by spectral analysis only;
and (2) the problems for which time waveform analysis adds confirming
evidence to spectral analysis as well as a better evaluation of
problem severity.
In-depth information on Vibration Isolation and
Damping Treatments is also given, along with case histories illustrating
how these treatments have been successfully implemented.
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ADVANCED
AGENDA Introduction and Course Overview
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Brief
Review of "ANALYSIS III" Seminar Topics:
- Review
of Technical Associates' "Illustrated Vibration Diagnostic
Wall Chart"
- Specification
of Meaningful Narrowband Spectral Envelope Alarms
- Use
of High Frequency Demodulated Spectra
- Motor
Current Spectral Analysis on Induction Motors and use
of a "Motor Current Severity Chart"
- How
to Analyze Low-Speed Machines
- How
to Analyze High-Speed Machines
- How
to Analyze Variable-Speed Machines
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In-depth
Synchronous Time Averaging Applications:
- Definition
& How and Why it Works
- Instrumentation
and Transducers Required
- Benefits
of Synchronous Time Averaging
- How
Synchronous Time Averaging Greatly Enhances Time Waveform
Analysis
- Case
Histories Using Synchronous Time Averaging
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In-depth
Time Waveform Analysis Applications:
- Definition
of the Total Time Waveform
- Items
Present in Time Waveforms Which are Not Apparent in FFT
Spectra
- Problems
Detectable by Time Waveform Analysis, But Likely Missed
Altogether by Spectral Analysis Alone
- Problems
for Which Time Waveform Analysis Adds Confirming Evidence
to Spectral Analysis
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Analog
and Computerized Order Tracking Instrumentation and Techniques:
- Definition
of Order Tracking
- Why
Order Tracking is Needed in Certain Situations on Certain
Machines
- Instruments,
Transducers and/or Software Required for Order Tracking
- How
Order Tracking Works With Tracking Adaptors
- How
Computerized Order Tracking Works
- Case
Histories Using Order Tracking
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How
to Evaluate Single and Multi-stage Gearboxes:
- Review
of Common Gear Types & Terminology
- Analysis
of Gears Following Their Failure
- Anticipated
Problem Sources and Corresponding Vibration Frequencies
Which will be Generated
- Required
Instruments, Transducers, Locations, Frequency Spans &
Time Waveform
Setups
- Case
Histories of Gearbox Problems
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In-depth
Natural Frequency Testing Methods & Instruments:
- Difference
Between Natural Frequency, Resonance & Critical Speed
- Identifying
Characteristics of Natural Frequency Problems Which Help
"Give Them Away"
- Impulse
Natural Frequency Tests
- Runup
and Coastdown Natural Frequency Tests
- Bode'
Plot Acquisition & Interpretation
- Polar
Plot Acquisition & Interpretation
- Variable-Frequency
Shaker Natural Frequency Tests
- Case
Histories Confirming Resonance Problems
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Correction
of Resonance Vibration Problems:
- Correction
of System Related Resonance Problems
- Correction
of Rotor Related Resonance Problems
- Case
Histories on Correction of Resonance Problems
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Review
of Operating Deflection Shape Analysis:
- Definition
of Operating Deflection Shape Analysis (ODS)
- Instrument
& Transducer Requirements for ODS
- How
ODS Has Helped Detect Problems Which Might Have Otherwise
Have Gone Unnoticed
- Real-World
Case Histories Using ODS
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Introduction
to Experimental Modal Analysis:
- Definition
of Experimental Modal Analysis
- Terminology
of Modal Analysis
- Instrument,
Transducer & Software Requirements for Modal Analysis
- How
Modal Analysis Differs from Operating Deflection Shape
Analysis (ODS)
- General
Modal Analysis Test Methods
- What
will Modal Analysis Tell You about the Machine and/or
Structure Tested?
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In-depth
Vibration Isolation Treatments:
- Definition
of Vibration Isolation and How it Differs from Vibration
Damping
- Types
of Vibration Isolators & How They Function
- Solution
of Real-world Problems Using Isolation Treatments
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In-depth
Vibration Damping Treatments:
- Definition
of Vibration Damping
- How
Damping Affects Resonant Vibration
- Types
of Damping Treatments Available and How They are Influenced
by
- Temperature
& Frequencies
- Solution
of Real-World Problems Using Damping Treatments
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Dynamic
Vibration Absorbers Used to Reduce Resonant Vibration:
- What
They Are & When They are Effective
- How
to Design a Dynamic Vibration Absorber
- Example
Applications of Dynamic Vibration Absorbers
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Acceptance
Testing and Criteria for New or Overhauled Machinery:
- Why
and When Acceptance Tests are Needed
- Recommended
Procedures for Conducting Acceptance Tests
- Recommended
Spectral Alarm Bands for New or Overhauled Machinery
- Recommended
Mounting Methods and Loading When Conducting Acceptance
Tests
- Presentation
of Sample Machinery Acceptance Specifications
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Vibration
Analysis of Special Machine Types (Including Both Theory &
Case Histories for Each Type):
- Horizontal
Centrifugal Pumps
- Vertical
Pumps
- High-Speed
Centrifugal Air Compressors
- Rotary
Screw Air Compressors
- Centrifugal
Chillers
- Rotary
Screw Air Compressors
- Centrifugal
Fans
- Rotary
Blowers ("Roots Type")
- Piping
Vibration Problems
- Chemical
Reactors & Agitators
- Paper
Machines
- Turbine/Generators
- DC
Motors and Controls
- AC
Induction Motors
- Machine
Tools
- Presentation
of Case Histories for Each Machine Type
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| Prerequisites Students should have 4 to 8 years vibration
spectrum analysis experience. Prior experience with natural
frequency testing, phase analysis, time waveform analysis,
synchronous time averaging, plus exposure to operating deflection
shape analysis is recommended in order to allow the student
to become proficient with the application of the complete
arsenal of advanced vibration diagnostic & reduction
techniques covered in-depth within this 5-day seminar.
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